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dBm,dB,dBi 区别

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最近工作中遇到下面这样的一个天线,

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介绍叫做:玻璃钢全向天线 2.4G 8dBi室内外wifi/WLAN增益天线N母头

咦, 我只听过dbm,db,这个dbi是什么鬼??


 先看dBm,它是一个考征功率绝对值的值,计算公式为:10lg(P功率值/1mw)。

比如发射功率P为1mw,折算为dBm后为0dBm。   发射功率P为100mw,对应20dbm。 发射功率为200mw,对应23dbm。


再看db,dB是一个表征相对值的值,当考虑甲的功率相比于乙功率大或小多少个dB时,按下面计算公式:10lg(甲功率/乙功率)

比如甲功率为100mw(20dbm),乙功率为200mw(23dbm),甲功率比乙功率大一倍,

那么10lg(甲功率/乙功率)=10lg2=3dB。也就是说甲的功率比乙的功率大3 dB。 


最后说dbi,dbi是功率增益的单位,


翻遍百度里所有中文网页,均基本是如下描述:

dBi和dBd均用于表达功率增益,两者都是一个相对值,只是其参考的基准不一样。dBi的参考基准为全方向性天线,dBd的参考基准为偶极子,因此两者的值略有不同,同一增益用dBi表示要比用dBd表示大2.15。

[例]对于增益为16dBd的天线,其增益按单位dBi进行折算后为18.5dBi(忽略小数点后为18dBi)。


还是没明白其究竟是什么意思?


后有查阅了多个外文网站,得到一些启发:


Let me use an analogy to try and explain.

If you had a small light bulb, you could power it with 1W (=30dBm).
It would light your room, but not very well.

You could increase the overall illumination by raising the supply voltage, and increasing the power.

Another way of increasing the illumination, would be to put a parabolic reflector around the bulb - you've made a torch/flashlight.
The power of the bulb hasn't changed, but you have a higher light intensity in a certain direction, but at the expense of reduced illumination in other directions. This is the equivalent of an antenna's gain.

If the light intensity is say 100 times as high as it was before, you have a gain of 20dBi,  This is a property of the reflector design, and is independent of the power delivered to the bulb.


中午请教了一个在通讯行业做了10年的老鸟,给我解释了一下,基本明白了。  全向天线的能量在水平方向图上表现为360°都均匀辐射,即各个方向能量都一样,dbi是说某个天线在一个方向上能量很多,其他方向上很小,它反应能量的相对值。



今天还是没搞懂dbi的含义,改天问问高人吧

参考:

1)http://bestwirelessroutersnow.com/what-is-the-difference-between-dbb-dbm-and-dbi/

2)https://wireless.fcc.gov/outreach/2004broadbandforum/comments/YDI_understandingdb.pdf 

3)http://bestwirelessroutersnow.com/what-is-the-difference-between-dbb-dbm-and-dbi/ 

4)http://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=326696.0 

5)http://www.electronicdesign.com/communications/understanding-wireless-range-calculations 

6)http://hllye.com/news/Antenna/what-is-dBidBddBdBmdBc.html 

7)http://www.danets.com/turbotenna/faq.php